Which of the following are types of Underway Replenishment (UNREP)?

The correct answer is that Vertical Replenishment and Cargo Transfer are types of Underway Replenishment (UNREP).

Vertical Replenishment involves the use of helicopters to transfer supplies, munitions, and personnel while ships are underway. This method is particularly effective when immediate resupply is necessary and where time and conditions permit the operation of aircraft. On the other hand, Cargo Transfer typically refers to the more traditional methods of replenishment that can occur either alongside or at a distance, utilizing lines or hoses to transfer goods directly between ships. Both types facilitate the ongoing resupply of naval ships while they remain operational at sea, thereby enhancing their ability to sustain prolonged missions without returning to port.

Understanding these two methods is essential for effective naval operations, especially in maintaining operational readiness and logistical support in various naval engagements.